Can cognitive and psychosocial factors mitigate misinformation? Study in a Costa Rican sample.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.59.69931Palabras clave:
desinformación, teoría de la inoculación, identidad social, ideologías políticas, efecto de la verdad ilusoria, cognición socialResumen
El estudio tiene como objetivo investigar los sesgos asociados a variables socio-cognitivas y psicosociales relacionadas con la desinformación. Especialmente interesa examinar la reflexividad cognitiva, la conciencia metacognitiva, la identificación con el grupo, las ideologías políticas y la religiosidad como variables predictoras asociadas tanto a la identificación de mensajes de desinformación como a la intención de compartirlos. Se llevó a cabo un experimento en línea con 328 estudiantes universitarios (49% mujeres) para estimar la presencia del sesgo de la verdad ilusoria y el efecto de las condiciones de inoculación. Los participantes fueron asignados a una de tres condiciones de inoculación cognitiva (evaluación individual, metacognición o condición de control) y leyeron varios mensajes falsos y verdaderos sobre política y asuntos públicos. Nuestros resultados han revelado la presencia del efecto de la verdad ilusoria en la muestra costarricense. Las personas con mayor conciencia metacognitiva se vieron menos afectadas por el sesgo de la verdad ilusoria al evaluar tanto mensajes falsos como verdaderos. Los participantes que tienden a identificarse con su endogrupo presentan mayor probabilidad de percibir los mensajes falsos como verdaderos. Los hallazgos no mostraron una reducción sustancial del sesgo con las condiciones de inoculación.
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