2007 in Peru was characterized by a type of “neo-dualism”. On the one hand, there is a part of the country that is more urban, modern, and coastal, which is relatively optimistic about the future, that is involved in the expansion of the economy. On the other hand, we have another part of the country that is more rural, in the highlands, in the amazonic forest, where the benefits of economic growth are not perceptible, where poverty levels remain high, and where the legitimacy of political institutions remain low. Economic growth has increased this inequality and has revealed the institutional limitations of the State to adequately manage existing resources. This has created social tensions, that are expressed in increasing social conflict, and in the decline of the levels of support to President García’s administration. Despite all this, the current administration has ratified its policy of promotion to private investment, and has overlooked institutional reforms and social policies. This administration seems to believe that economic growth by itself will gradually reduce social unrest; the only ones that could disrupt this policy are those who oppose private investment for ideological reasons.