Cuba experienced continuing economic and political crises throughout 2022, prolonging a slump that resulted from COVID’s impact, the effects of US sanctions, and muddled economic policies. The popular anger and frustration that erupted in nationwide protests on July 11, 2021, deepened into a crisis of legitimacy for the government: the foundational social compact of the Revolution—to provide social equity and economic security for all—was not being kept. While ever greater access to communication technologies enabled the citizenry to impact some public policies, questioning of the political system remained off limits. Despite facing political and economic challenges that are frequently the prelude to instability, the Cuban system continued to enjoy sources of resilience characteristic of authoritarian durability. The prospect of a fundamental challenge to regime persistence was therefore unlikely in the near-term, but the corrosive effects of its problems posed significant risks for the future.